noble islamists, who will rule damascus? anatomy of power sharing. fatigue from the crisis in ukraine, an interview with former imf director jacques de laraziere. materials from our program. damascus, the capital of the syrian arab republic. since gaining independence, the people of this country have achieved great success. changes have affected all aspects of life today . the people are determined to continue progressive socio-economic transformations. syria is at the forefront of the fight against aggression.

era was underway. the departure of bashar al-assad is not just a change of regime, of which there have been many even in our short memory. the power of the assad family and the baath party, and its full name, let us recall, is the arab socialist revival party, the last fragment of the middle east, as it was during the ideological confrontation of the last century. neither socialism nor arab unity are among the goals any longer. and the mausoleum

of hafez al-assad, bashar's father , was destroyed by his opponents. in july of the year fifty-second in cairo , free officers led by gamal abdel-nasser overthrew king farouk. four years later, nasr announced the nationalization of the soviet canal, whose shareholders were great britain and france. this led to the soviet crisis, when the ussr and the usa landed in port saidi, the fighting ceased. nasser wrote the book philosophy of revolution, where he proposed the idea of ​​​​unifying the arabs. in february 1958 , an agreement was signed in syria to create a single state, the united arab republic. nasr took the post of president-prime minister

with a friend, the leaders syria had enemies and iraq, hafez al-assad and saddam hussein. the first father of bashar al-assad came to power as a result of a military coup in the seventy-first year and ruled the country for almost 30 years. he successfully maneuvered, achieving maximum advantages for his country, and his eldest son basel was supposed to be his successor. but in ninety-four he died in a car accident, and his place was taken by

the youngest son bashar, an ophthalmologist, who finally lost his power only in the winter of 2024. in iraq in 79 year, another ba'athist, saddam hussein, took power in a military coup. during his rule, dissent was persecuted and strict censorship was in effect. even the syrian media in the eighties called it bloody. western countries invaded iraq twice, in 1991, and the latest war in 2003 was precipitated by accusations of creating weapons of mass destruction. saddam hussein was captured in his hometown of tekrit in december 2003. three years later, he was sentenced to death and hanged. no weapons of mass destruction were not found in iraq. back in september 1969, inspired by the panabai ideas of nasir, twenty-seven-year-old captain muammar gaddafi carried out a military

coup. overthrew the king of libya. he turned the country into a new socialist state - the jamahiriya. support for palestinian militants and responsibility for terrorist attacks in europe - the explosion at a disco in berlin - the explosion of an american airliner over lockerbie in scotland - led to his isolation and un sanctions. they tried to bomb libya, but to no avail. in 2003, apparently under the impression from the fate of saddam hussein, gaddafi publicly renounced his own nuclear program and made peace with the west, in 2011 the arab spring came to libya. the west took the side of the libyan rebels and in fact... the libyan colonel was sentenced to death, he was brutally murdered. not even a collapse, but some kind of instantaneous absorption of power in syria became a natural and unexpected event. the fatal

degradation of the governance system had been evident for at least 2-3 years, but it seemed that right now there was no one willing to draw the line, they were found. heights, which is unlikely. according to another, he is a typical member of the intelligentsia, born in 1982 in saudi arabia to a syrian engineer who worked for an oil company. his father is a respected man, the author of manuals. when abu

muhammad was 7 years old, the family returned to their homeland. after some time, he entered the university of damascus to study pr, but clearly without enthusiasm. arrested by american forces in iraq and spent almost 5 years in prison, where, according to rumors, one of the most important events in his life took place. he met the future leader of the islamic state , abu bakr al-baghdad. is this beautiful legend true? it doesn't really matter now. the un recognized this organization

as terrorist, the us authorities announced a reward for the leader's head, but after the defeat of the jihadists in syria, everything changes. al-jawlani. liberation of the levant. and here he diverges terrorists. with the rest moreover, where hiyyad tahri rasham brought order, the most active militants, who did not want obey, and were sometimes even subjected to repression. al-jol's goals have not changed. if earlier it was about building a single caliphate. the islamic world, now the tasks have narrowed. a specific ruler, bashar al-assad, was declared the enemy, and the goal was the liberation of syria. this opened up broad opportunities for cooperation not only with the turks, but even with the israelis. al-jolani's transformation was not instantaneous.

even his appearance changed as he was in power. and on the eve of assad's overthrow, he abandoned his jihadist pseudonym and made it public. islamist methods of building a new syria have also already been tried, something similar was used by hamas to fight the more secular and corrupt followers of arafat in palestine, just to build a normally functioning social state, the fight against corruption, medicine, infrastructure, education, as a result, as some sources in idlib write, all this was organized better than assad's, in addition to ahmed. security,

which operate throughout the country, this is a completely different scale. in the spring of 2011 , the dispersal of an anti-government demonstration in the city of dera turned into an armed uprising against the assad clan, almost immediately, external, middle eastern and western players intervened in the conflict, they sponsored the armed syrian opposition and numerous radical groups, with money from turkey, saudi arabia and qatar, the so-called moderate position, the syrian free army, was created. in addition to it, in the east of syria there was also an irreconcilable position isis and the annasra front. these groups captured the city of raqqa, the efrad dam , and oil fields in the east of the country. in august 2012 , the islamists took the eastern part of aleppo, but the western part remained in the hands of government

troops. in the spring of 2013 , chemical poisoning agents, that is, weapons of mass destruction, were allegedly used in syria. the assad government blamed the armed opposition, and the opposition blamed the ruling regime. the united states and western countries seriously considered the option of armed intervention , like those in libya and iraq. bashar al-assad's power was hanging by a thread. russia offered the syrian government to destroy all stockpiles of chemical weapons under international supervision. assot agreed, and in the summer of 2014 , more than 600 tons of the most toxic substances were removed from syria on the american ship cape ray and destroyed. there was no military intervention. in november 2016 , assad's army, with the support of the aerospace forces, russia and shiite volunteers from lebanon, iran and iraq, completely.

from april to october 2017, the kurdish formations of the syrian democratic forces created and financed by... liberated the city of raqqa and the territories to the east of the euphrates, so all the main oil fields of syria ended up in the hands of the american kurds. attempts to resolve the conflict were made repeatedly, first in geneva at an international conference in june 2012, then within the walls of the un, but they failed to implement the plans. in december 2016, the presidents of russia and turkey proposed another platform for negotiations, the capital of kazakhstan, astana. soon, for the first time, at the same negotiating table were the official representatives of damascus

and the field commanders opposing them. over the course of 4 years , 15 rounds of negotiations in the astana format were held. their main achievement was the formation of a syrian committee to draft a new constitution. but the political process stalled there. about 30% of the members of the hayd tahrirash cartel. i call this group a cartel, people from central asia, these are people you are closely familiar with, because among them are uyghurs, turkomans, uzbeks and chechens, all of them professional jihadists, among others they have no ties to themselves, and no connection to syria, attachment to it or sympathy for the syrians as a nation. now the prisons are empty and it is unclear what will happen in the east in the kurdish sector, where, as you know, about.

i do not know how they are going to govern a complex and heterogeneous country, i am afraid that syria is guaranteed to have upheavals for years to come, but they will have to interact with the new authorities, we have accumulated experience with such in the region. they are still afraid of him, because everyone understands the nature of the ideology of this movement. of course, governments have to work with them. neighbors, with whom current issues need to be resolved. a natural question that arises in connection with what is happening is whether syria will survive as a single state at all?

borders in the region have always been, if not conditional, then mobile. one of the main reasons for the first world war was the redistribution of spheres of influence and london, owning british india, needed to have reliable sea routes to europe. they passed through the bab el-mandep strait, the red sea and the soet canal. it was necessary to control egypt , the principality of the arabian peninsula. back in 1840 , the british captured the main yemeni port of aden. created their naval base there. in 1915, the british high commissioner in egypt , macmahon, promised the ruler of the hejaz, hussein, to recognize him as the king of the future independent arab state if he raised a rebellion against the turks on the side of the entente. this idea was brilliantly carried out by the young british intelligence officer thomas

edward lawrence, who received nickname lawrence of arabia. thanks to his intelligence.

rulers did not even suspect that but the arab britain does business not only with them. in 1917 , the balfour declaration appeared, which supported the creation of a jewish national home in palestine, and thus stimulated jewish migration, which ultimately provoked the arab-jewish conflict. despite the fact that damascus was supposed to go to france. syria, but the french quickly got their bearings went to war against it, which turned out to be short-lived, since then the era of mandates began. france got its syria, including modern lebanon, and britain

got palestine, and then the territories beyond the jordan river, now known as the kingdom of jordan. is very clear: homogeneous states are able to withstand upheavals, composite ones are not, but the collapse of one state does not lead to the emergence of stable new ones. the worst-case scenario is libya, where the war has been going on for 11 years, and this is possible in syria, because there are many different groups, and as they say,

everyone attended the party, but not everyone got a cake. another scenario is iraq. the sunnis there were so scared by the prospect of large-scale shiite violence that these sentiments created the preconditions for radical islamists like azzarqawi and others. but in iraq, at least there were americans who took at least some measures to ensure security. this is not the case in syria. finally, the third option: the desire to avoid a repeat of the sad experience of the last 14 years will force the syrians to join forces. new

military campaign against hezbollah in the baalbek area. one thing is clear: syria no longer exists. the late sheikh hassan nasrallah, the secretary general of hezbollah, once said that without syria there is no palestine, so palestine no longer exists either. syria has always been the main supply line for palestine. the holland heights are often simply called the galans for short. this is a high plateau with an area of ​​almost 2,000 km in southern syria and northern israel. in the southwest, the plateau is washed by lake tiberias, also known as the sea of ​​galilee, and

in the east by the yermuk river. its northern border is - mount khirmon, the arabic name is jebel sheikh. in 1946, galan was part of the syrian province of quneitra, and in 1967, as a result of the six-day war , it was occupied by israel. during the next war, israel returned it to syria in 1974, and in the same year, the security council adopted a resolution according to which un peacekeeping forces were deployed on the line of separation. for israel, galan has both military-strategic and economic significance. from mount khirmon, damascus is in the palm of your hand, and lake teveryat is the most important source of drinking water. galan is considered the granary of israel. wheat, cotton, olives, tomatoes,

almonds, as well as subtropical plants, avocados, mangoes, bananas are grown here. nagolan produces more than 50% of israel's mineral water. about a quarter of all wines, up to 50% of certain types of fruits and vegetables. in addition, mount hirmon is home to a popular ski resort. israel built 33 settlements on galan in 1967, with more than 25,000 people living in them. the administrative center is the city of katzrin. also in the israeli-controlled part of the dutch heights live about 20 thousand syrian druze, who are mostly loyal to israel. but there are also those who have not accepted israeli citizenship and still consider themselves syrian citizens. an example is the small town of ash'hams, where mainly druze live, who have refused an israeli passport. in december of eighty-one, the knesset passed the dutch heights law, where

israel's sovereignty over the captured territory was unilaterally declared. and in march 2019 donald trump signed a declaration recognizing the dutch heights as part of israel. the division of syria in a sense syria is like iraq, and if there was a real possibility of dividing iraq, it would have been divided long ago, but it is not divided, if you try to divide it on religious grounds, the energy sector and the economy are destroyed , if you start dividing it on an economic principle, you will run into ethnic divisions, but if you take the ethnic principle as a basis, it contradicts both the economy and the religious structure, after ten years of discord...

minister netanyahu talks about a new order in the middle east, but where is this order? everything will depend on the state of affairs in the states that are the weakest: lebanon, syria, libya, yemen. if we talk about the future, obviously, everyone needs a united and stable syria. rafat, al-khatib jordan. the picture is called rebranding. above is an example from a well-known car brand, and below is the leader of syrian terrorists abbo mohammed al-jaulani, from jihadists to political leaders. syria today kamal sharaf from yemen. syrian rebels free prisoners tortured by assad from the secret prison of sidnaya. everything is clear here, without words. artist skuby ramses. the drawing is called the passing of the baton. bashar assad passes the baton to nicolas maduro

from venezuela. apparently, the artist is hinting at something. avanta artigala from sri lanka. liberators, a gentleman in a suit in the role of the collective west. next to them are syrian rebels. at the top are terrorists, but if in the fairway of western policy, then liberators. emat hajjaj from jordan and his view of the future, a pickup truck with the inscription syria is torn in half. what should we expect from the syrian revolution in the coming months? the best mood is now in israel, if last fall it seemed that it was facing almost a threat to its existence, now they are making plans to reorganize the middle east according to israeli interests. more about this another time, and today a story by vgtrk correspondent sergei poshkov. civil defense in the era of instability.

after 14 months of constant shelling, with air raid sirens sounding dozens of times a day in the south, north and center of israel, suddenly there is silence. normal life has returned to the country's cities, but wartime habits still make themselves felt. we are talking to a representative of the home front command in the parking lot of a shopping center, which is considered a dual-use space here. israel is actually living a seemingly normal life. in fact, in most of the country today there are no restrictions at all. in tel in aviv there is a small limit on gatherings, no more than 2.0 people, in the north, naturally, close to the border with lebanon there are more restrictions on work, study, and gatherings. today, when going to a cafe, a store, a shopping center, a theater or a museum, an israeli looks first of all for a sign like this, which tells him where

to run when the air raid siren sounds, the citizens feel calmer this way and the municipality is in no hurry to remove the signs and close the shelters, although there is a need there is no longer any need to go down there every day. my neighbors in the entrance are gradually taking out children's toys and bedding sets from the basement that was prepared in the summer for the expected iranian strike. my experienced neighbors brought into our spacious entrance bunker, an air conditioner, a fan,

and this is ventilation, these fortified rooms, momads protect well from gas shells, are reliable when hit by anti-missile fragments, but do not save from a direct hit by a powerful rocket and especially a ballistic missile. residents of the israeli north in cities located near the lebanese border, did not leave special underground shelters for the first weeks of the war. these are powerful, reinforced, concreted, underground premises, since simple security rooms in apartments do not save, a ground-class missile, earth fired from lebanese territory, passes through those walls like a knife through butter. entire institutions moved into pre-prepared underground shelters during these months. the haifa city hall managed the life of the shelled cities from underground. crisis center of the city of haifa.